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Rule Over The Land (Year)
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Description (http://www.odyeda.com/en/)
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Egypt & Canaanites
(2200 BCE - 1273 BCE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Egypt & Canaanites
* During the Bronze Era, prior to the conquest of Israel by the Israelites, the land of Israel was occupied by a number of small nations called the Canaanites. The Canaanites lived most of this period under Egyptian hegemony.
1523 BCE: Journey to Egypt
* Because of famine, Jacob and his sons went to Egypt to buy food and they met Joseph
1313 BCE: Exodus from Egypt under Moses
* Ten Commandments at Mt Sinai
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Israel
(1273 BCE - 924 BCE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Israelites
* After wondering 40 years in the desert, they occupied the land under Joshua (appointed by Moses before his death). They frequently suffered wars with neighboring nations. Prosperity and peace peaked during the reigning of King Solomon.
957 BCE 1st Temple built (by King Solomon)
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Israel (northern kingdom) & Judah (southern kingdom
(924 BCE -720 BCE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Israel & Judah
* After the death of Solomon, all the Israelite tribes except for Judah and Benjamin refused to accept Rehoboam, the son and successor of Solomon, as their king. The kingdom split into the nothern kingdom called Israel and the southern kingdom called Judah. Jeroboam was proclaimed king of Israel. The split of the kingdom weakened both sides and led to internal and external wars
924 BCE: Divided Kingdom: Israel (Northern Kingdom) and Judah (Southern Kingdom)
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Judah & Assyria
(720 BCE -597 BCE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Judah & Assyria
* Assyria conquered Israel but not Judah.The the ten conquered tribes of Israel either fled to Judah or were exiled to Assyria.
720 BCE: Exile of the 10 Tribes by Assyria (Ten Lost Tribes)
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Babylon
(597 BCE -538 BCE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Babylon
* Babylon (under Nebuchadnezzar) conquered the Assyrian Empire and Judah. Jews exiled to Babylon (modern day Iraq) and the Babylonians destroyed the 1st temple
586 BCE: Destruction of the 1st Temple by Babylon
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Persia
(538 BCE - 332 BCE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Persia
* The Persian Empire conquered Babylon. Cyrus the Great, the Persian king, permitted the Jews that were exiled to return to their land and rebuild the temple in Jerusalem.
538 BCE: Return of the exiled Jews to Zion from Babylon following Cyrus decree
* Zerubbabel, Ezra and Nehemiah lead the Alyia waves
515 BCE: 2nd Temple built
* The 2nd Temple was built on the ruins of the previous one.
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Greece
(332 BCE - 164 BCE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Greece
* Greece, under the leadership of Alexander the Great, conquered Persia and took its place as the region's empire. The relationships with the Jews were good at first but deteriorated after Alexander's death.
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Hasmoneans
(164 BCE - 63 BCE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Hasmoneans
* Antiochus Epiphanes, King of the Greek-Seleucid Empire, outlawed the Jewish religious practices, desecrated the holy sites and ordered a pagan altar to be set up in the temple at Jerusalem. These actions led to a national revolt led by the Maccabees. The revolt succeeded and the temple was dedicated. Hanukkah, was instituted by Judas Maccabeus, to be celebrated annually as memorial of the dedication of the altar. The Maccabees succeeded in gaining full independence a few years later, and that is how the Hasmonean State was born.
164 BCE: Re-dedication of the Temple thanks to the Maccabean Revolt
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The Roman Empire
(63 BCE - 395 CE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: The Roman Empire
* The Roman Empire easily swallowed the Hasmonean State. This huge empire was one of the cruelest and most devastating for the Jewish people. They were the ones who killed Jesus, destroyed the 2nd temple, killed many of the disciples and later suppressed the Jewish revolts and killed millions of Jews, exiled or sold them as slaves in the Roman markets to built the Roman Colosseums.
* After the exile by the Romans, the Jewish people migrated to Europe and North Africa. In the diaspora (scattered outside of the Land of Israel), they established rich cultural and economic lives, and contributed greatly to the societies where they lived.
* When people today speak of the almost 2000 year span of Jewish homelessness and exile, they are dating it from the failure of the revolt and the destruction of the Temple.
4 BCE-33 CE: Time of Jesus Christ
* When Jesus came back, they were in their land
66–73 CE: Jewish revolt against the Roman Empire
* The revolt was due to Roman and Jewish religious tensions and escalated due to anti-taxation protest and attacks upon Roman citizens by the Jews. They fought in Roman-controlled Judea, resulting in the destruction of Jewish towns, the displacement of its people and the appropriation of land for Roman military use, as well as the destruction of the Jewish temple
70 CE: Destruction of the 2nd Temple by Rome
* Roman army led by Titus to suppress the Jewish big revolt did so brutally. The suffering in Jerusalem was terrible. According to Josephus, even before the siege was ended, 600,000 bodies had been thrown out of the gates.
135 CE: Bar Kokhva rebellion suppressed
* Roman anti-Jewish laws lead to the Bar-Kokhva revolt. The revolt was firmly suppressed after three years. As many as 580,000 Jews fell in battle, not including those who succumbed to hunger and pestilence. It was then when the Romans gave the name “Palestine” to the land of Israel so that the Jewish connection to the land would vanish. For the same reason Jews were not allowed into Jerusalem and Jewish traditions were outlawed.
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Byzantine (Roman Catholic)
(395 AD - 636 AD)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Byzantine
* The Roman Empire was split into Western Rome and Eastern Rome.
* The Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) followed emperor Constantine's adoption of Roman Catholicism
* Israel became roman catholic dominated country. Churches and monastaries were built.
* Jews were deprived of their right to hold public positions, and were forbidden to enter Jerusalem except on one day of the year to mourn the destruction of the Temple
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Arabs (Islam)
(636 CE - 1099 CE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Arabs
* The Arabs fought Byzantine and won and took its place in the land of Israel and Syria.
* Jews were granted status of dhimmi (protected non-Muslims), which safeguarded their lives, property, and freedom of worship. However, they need to pay heavy in taxes. Their circumstances hardly improved, and this forced them to leave the country.
691 CE: Dome of the Rock built on the Temple's ruins followed by the Al Aqsa Mosque on the Temple Mount
* Temple mount refers to the elevated plaza above the western wall in Jerusalem
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Crusaders (Roman Catholic)
(1099 CE - 1244 CE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Crusaders
* The Crusades were a series of religious wars directed by the Latin Church in western Europe to recover Jerusalem and the holy places to the hands of the Roman Catholics. The mobs accompanying the first three Crusades attacked the Jews in Europe, Israel and other places, and slaughtered many of them to death.
* When they opened up transportation routes from Europe, pilgrimages to the Holy Land became popular and, at the same time, increasing numbers of Jews sought to return to their homeland.
1099 CE: The Crusaders conquer Israel and massacre its Jewish inhabitants
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Mamlukes (Islam)
(1244 CE - 1516 CE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Mamlukes
* The Mamluks were non-Arab Muslims, who were first slaves and later took over Egypt. As Egypt's leaders they led a war and defeated the Mongolians and thus secured rule over Israel and Syria.
* This is a period of decline in Israel with plagues, locusts, and devastating earthquakes. Ports were destroyed for fear of the crusades. The country's towns were virtually in ruins, abandoned and only about 1,000 poor Jewish families.
1290 CE: Jews Expulsions from England and France
* Most countries in Central and Western Europe expelled their Jews between the 12th and the 15th centuries. England did so in 1290. The expulsions were generally accompanied by robbing their belongings and nationalizing their houses. Occasionally the Jews were allowed to come back and then robbed and expelled again after several years.
1348 CE: Jews blamed and persecuted for the Black Plague
* The Black-Death was a violent pestilence which ravaged Europe between 1348, and 1351, and is said to have carried off nearly half the population. A myth arose, especially in Germany, that the spread of the disease was due to a plot of the Jews to destroy Christians by poisoning the wells from which they obtained. All over Europe mobs against Jews arose and thousands of them were slain over these false accusations.
1492 CE: Jews Expulsion from Spain (Spanish Inquisition)
* An edict of expulsion was issued against the Jews of Spain to order all Jews to leave the kingdom in 4 months, leaving their houses, gold, silver, and money. Approximately 200 thousand Jews fled Spain, 50,000 converted, and dozens of thousands were killed or died from diseases on the journey.
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Ottoman Empire (Islam)
(1516 CE - 1917 CE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Ottoman Empire
* The Ottoman Empire led by Sultan Selimto defeated the Mamluk Sultanate and took over its dependencies including the land of Israel.
* The Ottoman Empire are of Turkic origin, Persian language, culture, literature and habits.
* With orderly government, brought improvements and stimulated Jewish immigration to about 10,000, and the town had become a thriving textile center as well as the focus of intense intellectual activity.
* The study ofJewish mysticism and clarifications of Jewish law flourished, many missionary activities such as studies of biblical archeology; Britain, France, Russia, Austria, and the United States opened consulates in Jerusalem.
* Steamships began to ply regular routes to and from Europe; postal and telegraphic connections were installed; the first road connecting Jerusalem and Jaffa was built and canals were opened
* Jews increased. They built their first neighborhood outside the walls. Lands for farming were purchased; new rural settlements established; Hebrew language was revived. The stage was set for the founding of the Zionist movement to promote the return of Jews to the Land; where Jews would be free from persecution and able to develop their own lives and identity.
1648 CE: The Ukrainian massacre
* The Ukrainians slain between 100,000 to 300,000 Jews in less than 2 years. Terrible massacres spread over the course of the next ten years to Poland, Russia and Lithuania killing dozens to hundreds of thousands Jews.
1897 CE: 1st Zionist Congress
* The First Zionist Congress was held in Basel, Switzerland represented by Jews from all over the world where it was decided that they would make efforts to get the homeland back for the Jews
1903 CE: Kishinev massacre
* The Kishinev massacre was an anti-Jewish persecution that took place in Russia. Dozens of thousands of Jews were murdered. This had great impact on migrations (more than - 2 million Jews migrated mainly to America)
1914-1918: World War 1: To prepare the land for the Jews.
World War 1 resulted in the Balfour Declaration. It took a world war to restore Israel to the Jews
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Great Britain
(1917 CE - 1948 CE)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Great Britain
* The land of Israel was conquered during World War 1 by Great Britain. A few years later, the League of Nations passed an instrument granting Britain a mandate over the area. The purpose of the Mandate was to prepare a national home for the Jewish people in that territory. The territory included the land that is occupied today by Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian authority.
1917: Balfour Declaration
* This declaration says that the land of Israel belongs to the Jews. But the Jews being offered the land did not want to go back to Israel because there was nothing there. The Jews at this time were very properous in all the countries that they were scattered. The Palestinians living there in Israel were living in poverty. The land were in a mess like a desert and the wilderness. So, for 2000 years, these Palestinians who claim Israel to be their homeland never did anything for their homeland. In fact, they completely spoiled and destroyed it.
1939 CE: The Holocaust
* The Nazi’s murdered over 6 million Jews as they intended to perish the existence of Israel. The Holocaust is an offering to the devil. A blood sacrifice of God’s chosen people, the Jews to the devil.
1939-1945: World War 2: To prepare the Jews to go back to the land
* They Jews were persecuted everywhere. They lost everything. After this incedent, the Jews were looking forward to go back to their land
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Israel
(1948 CE and on)
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Rule over the Land of Israel: Israel
* The state of Israel established on May 14, 1948 with the declaration of independence made by the Jewish People's Council. Mass immigration of Israelites back home.
* Israel Goverment and Defense Forces and diplomatic relations established. Many wars and peace treaty continues
1948 CE: The State of Israel established
Future: National salvation for Israel
* Israel will be receive their national salvation in the future at the 2nd coming of Jesus. Till now, Israel has only been restored as a nation. Once the church is raptured, God will deal primarily with with the Jews in the tribulaiton
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